Sarrafa Bevel Gears ta CNC: Kwarewar Daidaito a Cibiyoyin Masu Ƙungiyoyi da Yawa

A cikin tsarin tuki mai babban aiki, giyar bevel su ne muhimman sassa da ke da alhakin sake tura ikon injin. Amma ga yawancin shagunan gyaran injina, Sarrafa bevel gears ta CNC Yana wakiltar babban ƙalubale na fasaha. Siffofin haƙoran involute masu rikitarwa, kaurin haƙora da ke canzawa, da tsauraran iyakokin jujjuyawa a bangarori biyu suna sa tsarin axis uku na gargajiya ya kasa cikar buƙatunsu gaba ɗaya.

Don samar da giyar bevel na musamman da zai iya jure RPM masu yawa na e-axles na zamani na motocin lantarki (EV) ko kuma kusan babu tazara (backlash) da ake buƙata a cikin na'urorin motsi na sararin samaniya, dogaro kawai da hanyoyin aiki na asali da CAM ke ƙirƙira ba ya isa. Kana buƙatar haɗin dabaru na layuka da yawa, saitunan kayan aiki na musamman, da ƙwarewar aiki a matakin ƙasa.

Zaɓin Saitin Ku: Yanke-ƙasa na Gargajiya ko Niƙa a Layuka da Yawa?

A tarihi, ƙera giyar bevel madaidaici ko mai lanƙwasawa ya buƙaci na'urorin hobber na giyar na musamman ko na'urorin siffantawa. Duk da cewa suna da inganci sosai wajen manyan ayyukan samarwa, lokutan jiran kammala da farashin kayan aikin musamman da masu yanke na musamman sau da yawa suna takaita. A yau, amfani da cibiyoyin turn-mill na zamani ko na aiki lokaci guda Sarrafa CNC na 5-axis Tsare-tsare masu kayan aiki na yau da kullum sun zama dabara mafi amfani don ayyuka masu sassauci sosai, masu ƙaramin zuwa matsakaicin yawan fitarwa.

Don giyar bevel na modul matsakaici zuwa babba, aiwatar da tsarin “na'ura ta al'ada + kayan aikin indexable na al'ada” yana aiki da kyau sosai. Bayan samar da ingantaccen samfurin 3D, manhajar CAM tana tsara matakan farko na sarewa ta amfani da adaptive pocketing ko plunge milling. Wannan yana barin daidaitaccen tanadin ƙarewa a fadin gefuna. Kyawun wannan hanyar shi ne tana kawar da buƙatar kanun yankan mallakar kamfani—end mill na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi (solid carbide) mai ƙugiya (ball-nose) ko bull-nose mai inganci zai iya ɗaukar aikin mai nauyi.

Dabarun Wurin Aiki: Magance Matsaloli Uku Masu Muhimmanci na Kayan Bevel

Don cimma daidaiton Ajin 12 na AGMA, ana buƙatar rage tasirin wasu canje-canje guda uku daban-daban a matakin bene:

1. Kawar da hayaniyar kayan aiki yayin kammala fuskoki

Lokacin kammala gefen bevel gear, yankin tuntuɓa tsakanin gefan yankan da saman hakoran da aka yi masu sirara yana canzawa koyaushe, wanda sau da yawa ke haifar da girgizar kayan aiki. Wannan girgiza tana barin ƙananan igiyoyin sauti a fuskar hakora, yana haifar da ƙarar gear da lalacewa kafin lokaci. Don magance wannan, a yi amfani da dabarar “ƙaramin zurfin yanka, saurin ciyarwa mai yawa” a lokacin zagayen ƙarshe. Hakanan, amfani da ƙugiyar ƙarshen ƙwallon helix mai yawa yana tura ƙarfin yankan da aka samu kai tsaye zuwa cikin sandar injin, yana hana karkatar radial.

2. Aiwatar da Power Skiving don Siffofi Masu Rikitarwa

Idan shagonku yana amfani da injunan mill-turn masu ƙarfi, Cire sirara mai ƙarfi yana kawo babban sauyi. Ta hanyar daidaita spindles na injin yanke da na aikin a daidai kusurwar axis-crossed, wannan tsarin yanke mai ci gaba yana gudana sau biyu zuwa sau uku da sauri fiye da siffanta na gargajiya. Lokacin sarrafa kayan haɗe-haɗe kamar bevel gear mai spline na ciki, fasahar power skiving tana kammala turning, face milling, da gear cutting a cikin riƙewa ɗaya. Wannan ya kawar gaba ɗaya da kuskuren daidaituwa na tsakiyar sassa da ke tasowa daga juyar da sashi.

3. Sarrafa karkatar zafi da karkatar kayan

Tsananin goge ƙarfe na giyar mota irin su 8620H ko 20CrMnTi yana samar da babban zafi na gogayya a wuri guda. Juyawa kai tsaye zuwa matakan ƙarewa zai haifar da karkatar fasalin siffa saboda faɗaɗuwar zafin aikin da girman spindle. Tsari mai amintacce na aiki yana buƙatar raba matakai: yi manyan aikin rushewa, tura faranti don yin annealing na rage matsin lamba, sannan ka kunna daidaita zafi na aiki a injin kafin ka yi ƙarewa a ƙarƙashin tsarin sanyaya mai yawan ruwa.

Kalubalen Kammala Mai Taya

Bayan yin carburizing da quenching, saman gear yawanci suna samun ƙarfi sosai har fiye da 60 HRC. Wannan maganin zafi ba shakka yana haifar da ɗan karkacewar siffa. Don gyara waɗannan ƙananan ɓangarori na ɗaruruwan milimita, masana'antu suna amfani da niƙa mai ƙarfi (hard milling) ko niƙa giyar CNC. Amfani da ƙwayoyin PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) yana ba masu aiki damar cire layin karkacewar a babban saurin saman, yana samar da ƙarewar saman mai kama da madubi da tsarin haɗin haƙora da aka daidaita daidai.

A ƙarshe, aiwatar da nasara Sarrafa bevel gears ta CNC Ya ta'allaka ne ga kiyaye cikakken iko kan interpolation na layuka da dama, sarrafa yaduwar zafi, da daidaita sigogi bisa ga alamomin lalacewar kayan aiki. Samun daidaito a waɗannan cikakkun bayanai na bene shi ke tabbatar da samun kwangilolin drivetrain masu riba mai yawa a shagonku.